Assumptions
Key assumptions in the 2025 Transportation Annual Technology Baseline (ATB) are available at the links below.
Vehicles Assumptions
Fuel Economy Assumptions present the equation for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles fuel economy based on utility factor, charge-depleting, and charge-sustaining assumptions.
Vehicle Range Assumptions show a table of ranges for battery and plug-in hybrid electric light-duty and medium- and heavy-duty vehicles.
Vehicle Size Class Assumptions summarize the size classes of vehicles used in the ATB.
Battery Electric Vehicle Assumptions include battery-pack-level costs and charger efficiency assumptions. These assumptions are used to estimate costs of light-duty battery electric vehicles and medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicles.
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Assumptions provide fuel cell costs and on-board hydrogen storage tank costs.
Fuels Assumptions
Lowest CO2e Emissions Fuel Assumptions show a table of pathways that are selected for summary charts (baseline, lowest CO2e, and lowest price).
Synthetic Aviation Fuel Assumptions show definitions of synthetic aviation fuel based on key industry sources.
Levelized Cost of Hydrogen Assumptions provide the calculation, which is based on the weighted average cost of capital, cost recovery period, capital expenditures, operations and maintenance expenditures (including energy and feedstocks), and capacity factor.
Vehicles and Fuels Assumptions
Production Volume Assumptions provide a description and references for the threshold for high production volume of vehicles or fuels.
Policy Assumptions identify the policies that are included in the ATB. Most policies are not explicitly included.
Levelized Cost of Driving Assumptions provide the calculation, which is based on capital cost, fuel cost, and maintenance cost.