Marine Fuels
Explore the fuel price and emissions intensity of marine fuel. This page does not include diesel-electric hybridization or other marine power sources. Well-to-wake emissions are not included because of the wide variety of vessels that may be using these fuels.
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Note: These results are highly context dependent and may not represent the optimal values for each fuel pathway. We recommend caution—and review of other sources—before making comparisons between the cases reported in the table above.
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Key Assumptions
The data and estimates presented here are based on the following key assumptions:
- Conventional Heavy Fuel Oil Prices: The prices for heavy fuel oil are based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA, 2024) (data from January to March 2022).
- Fuel Prices: It should be noted that "Fuel Price" reflects the production of all the hydrocarbon fuels in gasoline gallon equivalent (gge) basis. The full description of fuels references is available at the end of this page. In addition, refer to references by hovering your mouse cursor over data in the table; specific references are also included in the data files.
- Emission Estimate References: Well-to-wake emissions estimates are not shown because of the wide range of potential vessel fuel economies. The emissions are based on R&D GREET 2023 (Wang et al., 2023). For the Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) pathways, the emissions are based on Xu et al. (2022). For all other pathways including Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) and Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL), the emissions are based on R&D GREET 2023 (Wang et al., 2023).
- Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Pathway Targeting Marine Fuels: For the HTL pathway targeting marine fuels, the price is shown for the production of marine fuels specifically. Other pathways listed in the table could produce marine fuels but do not necessarily represent the production cost of marine fuels.
- Conventional Marine Diesel: Conventional marine diesel oil is a combination of heavy fuel oil and marine gas oil. Conventional heavy fuel oil data are shown; conventional marine gas oil data were not found.
- Plant characteristics are based on the process designs of references included at the end of this page, specific to each pathway. Refer to references by hovering your mouse cursor over data in the table, which are also included in the data files.
To see additional information, place your mouse cursor over a value in the table.
Definitions
For detailed definitions, see:
References
The following references are specific to this page; for all references in this ATB, see References.