References

Adams, Jesse, Houchins, Cassidy, & Ahluwalia, Rajesh. (2019). Onboard Type IV Compressed Hydrogen Storage System - Cost and Performance Status. (No. 19008). https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/19008_onboard_storage_cost_performance_status.pdf

Argonne National Laboratory (2018). GREET Model: The Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation Model. Argonne National Laboratory. https://greet.es.anl.gov/

Argonne National Laboratory (2019). Autonomie. https://www.autonomie.net/

Argonne National Laboratory (2019). BatPaC: Battery Manufacturing Cost Estimation. https://www.anl.gov/tcp/batpac-battery-manufacturing-cost-estimation

Argonne National Laboratory (2019). Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model (HDSAM). https://hdsam.es.anl.gov/

ASTM D7566-19b (2019). Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons. ASTM International. http://www.astm.org

Baronas, Jean, & Achtelik, Gerhard. (2019). Joint Agency Staff Report on Assembly Bill 8: 2019 Annual Assessment of Time and Cost Needed to Attain 100 Hydrogen Refueling Stations in California. California Energy Commission. https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/2019publications/CEC-600-2019-039/CEC-600-2019-039.pdf

Bento, Antonio, Roth, Kevin, & Zuo, Yiou. (2018). Vehicle Lifetime Trends and Scrappage Behavior in the U.S. Used Car Market. The Energy Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.5547/01956574.39.1.aben

BloombergNEF, (2019). Battery Pack Prices Fall As Market Ramps Up With Market Average At $156/kWh In 2019. BloombergNEF. https://about.bnef.com/blog/battery-pack-prices-fall-as-market-ramps-up-with-market-average-at-156-kwh-in-2019/

Borlaug, Brennan, Salisbury, Shawn, Gerdes, Mindy, & Muratori, Matteo. (2020). Levelized Cost of Charging Electric Vehicles in the United States. Joule, 4(7), 1470-1485.

Borlaug, Brennan, Salisbury, Shawn, Gerdes, Mindy, & Muratori, Matteo. (n.d.). Levelized Cost of Charging – A Detailed Assessment of Fuel Costs for Electric Vehicles.

Boyd, Steven (2018). Batteries and Electrification R&D Overview. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/06/f53/bat918_boyd_2018.pdf

Browne, David, O'Mahony, Margaret, & Caulfield, Brian. (2012). How Should Barriers to Alternative Fuels and Vehicles be Classified and Potential Policies to Promote Innovative Technologies be Evaluated?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 35, 140-151.

Burke, Andrew, & Zhu, Lin. (2015). The Economics of the Transition to Fuel Cell Vehicles with Natural Gas, Hybrid-Electric Vehicles as the Bridge. Research in Transportation Economics, 52, 65-71.

Cai, Hao, Benavides, Thathiana, Lee, Uisung, Wang, Michael, Tan, Eric, Davis, Ryan, Dutta, Abhijit, Biddy, Mary, Clippinger, Jennifer, Grundl, Nicholas, Tao, Ling, Hartley, Damon, Roni, Mohammad, Thompson, David, Snowden-Swan, Lesley, Zhu, Yunhua, & Jones, Susanne. (2018). Supply Chain Sustainability Analysis of Renewable Hydrocarbon Fuels via Indirect Liquefaction, Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis, Hydrothermal Liquefaction, Combined Algal Processing, and Biochemical Conversion: Update of the 2018 State-of-Technology Cases and Design Cases. (No. ANL/ESD-18/13). Argonne National Laboratory. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1499023-supply-chain-sustainability-analysis-renewable-hydrocarbon-fuels-via-indirect-liquefaction-ex-situ-catalytic-fast-pyrolysis-hydrothermal-liquefaction-combined-algal-processing-biochemical-conversion-update-state-technology-cases-design-cases

California Air Resources Board (2019). Low Carbon Fuel Standard Program. https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/lcfs.htm

California Air Resources Board, (2020). LCFS Pathway Certified Carbon Intensities. California Air Resources Board. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/lcfs-pathway-certified-carbon-intensities

California Energy Commission and California Air Resources Board, (2019). Joint Agency Staff Report on Assembly Bill 8: 2019 Annual Assessment of Time and Cost Needed to Attain 100 Hydrogen Refueling Stations in California. (No. CEC-600-2019-039). California Energy Commission and California Air Resources Board. https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/2019publications/CEC-600-2019-039/CEC-600-2019-039.pdf

California Energy Commission, (2019). 2018 Total System Electric Generation. California Energy Commission. https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/california-electricity-data/2018-total-system-electric-generation

Cole, Wesley, Gates, Nathaniel, Mai, Trieu, Greer, Daniel, & Das, Paritosh. (2019). 2019 Standard Scenarios Report: A U.S. Electricity Sector Outlook. (No. NREL/TP-6A20-74110). National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/74110.pdf

Davis, Ryan E., Grundl, Nicholas J., Tao, Ling, Biddy, Mary J., Tan, Eric C., Beckham, Gregg T. (ORCID:000000023480212X), Humbird, David, Thompson, David N., & Roni, Mohammad S. (2018). Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels and Coproducts: 2018 Biochemical Design Case Update; Biochemical Deconstruction and Conversion of Biomass to Fuels and Products via Integrated Biorefinery Pathways. (No. NREL/TP-5100-71949). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1483234-process-design-economics-conversion-lignocellulosic-biomass-hydrocarbon-fuels-coproducts-biochemical-design-case-update-biochemical-deconstruction-conversion-biomass-fuels-products-via-integrated-biorefinery-pathways

Davis, Stacy C, & Boundy, Robert G. (2019). Transportation Energy Data Book. https://tedb.ornl.gov/data/

DOE (2008). Clean Cities Fact Sheet: Biodiesel Blends. U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy05osti/37136.pdf

DOE (2018). Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report, January 2018. U.S. Department of Energy. https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/alternative_fuel_price_report_jan_2018.pdf

DOE (2019). Alternative Fuels Data Center. https://afdc.energy.gov/

DOE, (2018). H2A: Hydrogen Analysis Production Case Studies. https://www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/h2a-production-case-studies.html

DOE, (2020). Renewable Hydrocarbon Biofuels. Alternative Fuels Data Center. https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/emerging_hydrocarbon.html

Dunn, Jennifer, Johnson, Michael, Wang, Zhichao, Wang, Michael, Cafferty, Kara, Jacobson, Jake, Searcy, Erin, Biddy, Mary, Dutta, Abhijit, Inman, Danny, Tan, Eric, Tao, Ling, Jones, Sue, & Snowden-Swan, Lesley. (2013). Supply Chain Sustainability Analysis of Three Biofuel Pathways: Biochemical Conversion of Corn Stover to Ethanol Indirect Gasification of Southern Pine to Ethanol Pyrolysis of Hybrid Poplar to Hydrocarbon Fuels. (No. ANL/ESD-14/5). Argonne National Laboratory. https://publications.anl.gov/anlpubs/2014/07/78878.pdf

Dutta, A., Talmadge, M., Hensley, J., Worley, M., Dudgeon, D., Barton, D., Groendijk, P., Ferrari, D., Stears, B., Searcy, E. M., Wright, C. T., & Hess, J. R. (2011). Process Design and Economics for Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol: Thermochemical Pathway by Indirect Gasification and Mixed Alcohol Synthesis. (No. NREL/TP-5100-51400). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1015885-Cjy0FT/

Dutta, Abhijit, Iisa, Maarit K., Mukarakate, Calvin, Griffin, Michael B., Tan, Eric C. D., Schaidle, Joshua A., Humbird, David, Wang, Huamin, Hartley, Damon, Thompson, David, & Cai, Hao. (2018). Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels: 2018 State of Technology and Future Research. (No. NREL/TP-5100-71954). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1481364-ex-situ-catalytic-fast-pyrolysis-lignocellulosic-biomass-hydrocarbon-fuels-state-technology-future-research

EIA (2016). Annual Energy Outlook 2016. U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/archive/aeo16/

EIA (2016). Transportation Sector Demand Module of the National Energy Modeling System: Model Documentation. U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/nems/documentation/transportation/pdf/m070(2016).pdf

EIA (2017). Annual Energy Outlook 2017. U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/data/browser/

EIA (2018). Annual Energy Outlook 2018. U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/

EIA (2018). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA): Sector. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/nems/documentation/

EIA (2019). Annual Energy Outlook 2019. U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/

EIA (2019). Electricity Data Browser: Average Retail Price of Electricity. https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/topic/7?agg=0,1&geo=vvvvvvvvvvvvo&endsec=vg&freq=A&start=2001&end=2017&ctype=linechart<ype=pin&rtype=s&pin=&rse=0&maptype=0

EIA (2019). Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update. https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/pump_methodology.php#3

EIA (2019). Glossary. https://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/

EIA (2019). Petroleum and Other Liquids: Definitions, Sources, and Explanatory Notes. https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/TblDefs/pet_move_wkly_tbldef2.asp

EIA (2020). Annual Energy Outlook 2020. U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/

EIA (2020). U.S. Gasoline and Diesel Retail Prices. https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_gnd_dcus_nus_a.htm

EIA, (2019). Annual state-level generation and fuel consumption data. https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data.php

Elgowainy, Amgad, Han, Jeongwoo, Ward, Jacob, Joseck, Fred, Gohlke, David, Lindauer, Alicia, Ramsden, Todd, Biddy, Mary, Alexander, Marcus, Barnhart, Steven, Sutherland, Ian, Verduzco, Laura, Wallington, Timothy J., Electric Power Research Inst. (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA (United States), Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) US LLC, Auburn Hills, MI (United States), General Motors, Warren, MI (United States), Chevron Corporation, San Ramon, CA (United States), & Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI (United States). (2016). Cradle-to-Grave Lifecycle Analysis of U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle-Fuel Pathways: A Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Economic Assessment of Current (2015) and Future (2025–2030) Technologies. (No. ANL/ESD--16/7 Rev. 1, 1324467). http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1324467/

EPA (2010). Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Changes to Renewable Fuel Standard Program; Final Rule. (No. 40 CFR Part 80). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2010-03-26/pdf/2010-3851.pdf

EPA (2011). New Fuel Economy and Environment Labels for a New Generation of Vehicles. (No. EPA-420-F-11-017). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P100BAV0.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=2011+Thru+2015&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C11thru15%5CTxt%5C00000001%5CP100BAV0.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=1&SeekPage=x&ZyPURL

EPA (2015). Reformulated Gasoline. https://www.epa.gov/gasoline-standards/reformulated-gasoline

EPA (2015). Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2): Final Rule. US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/renewable-fuel-standard-program/renewable-fuel-standard-rfs2-final-rule

EPA (2016). Proposed Determination on the Appropriateness of the Model Year 2022-2025 Light-duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards under the Midterm Evaluation. (No. EPA-420-R-16-020). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100Q3DO.pdf

FRED (2019). Gross Domestic Product: Implicit Price Deflator. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPDEF

Han, Jeongwoo, Tao, Ling, & Wang, Michael. (2017). Well-to-Wake Analysis of Ethanol-to-Jet and Sugar-to-Jet Pathways. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 10(1), 21.

Honda, (2020). 2020 Honda Clarity Fuel Cell. https://automobiles.honda.com/clarity-fuel-cell

Hyundai, (2020). Hyundai Nexo Fuel Cell SUV. https://www.hyundaiusa.com/nexo/index.aspx

IPCC, (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC.

Islam, Ehsan Sabri, Moawad, Ayman, Kim, Nandoo, & Rousseau, Aymeric. (2020). Energy Consumption and Cost Reduction of Future Light-Duty Vehicles through Advanced Vehicle Technologies: A Modeling Simulation Study Through 2050. (No. ANL/ESD-19/10). Argonne National Laboratory (ANL).

Islam, Ehsan, Moawad, Ayman, Kim, Namdoo, & Rousseau, Aymeric. (2018). An Extensive Study on Sizing, Energy Consumption, and Cost of Advanced Vehicle Technologies. (No. ANL/ESD-17/17). https://www.autonomie.net/publications/fuel_economy_report.html

James, Brian D, Huya-Kouadio, Jennie M, Houchins, Cassidy, DeSantis, Daniel A, & Analysis, Strategic. (2018). Mass Production Cost Estimation of Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Transportation Applications: 2018 Update.

Kah, Marianne (2019). Electric Vehicle Penetration and its Impact on Global Oil Demand: A Survey of 2019 Forecast Trends. Columbia School of International and Public Affairs Center on Global Energy Policy. https://energypolicy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/file-uploads/EV-SurveyReport-CGEP_Report_121019_0.pdf

Kaluza, Sebastian, Almeida, David, & Mullen, Paige. (2016). BMW i ChargeForward: PG&E's Electric Vehicle Smart Charging Pilot. A cooperation between BMW Group and Pacific Gas and Electricty Company. http://www.pgecurrents.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/PGE-BMW-iChargeForward-Final-Report.pdf

Kass, Mike, Abdullah, Zia, Biddy, Mary, Drennan, Corinne, Hawkins, Troy, Jones, Susanne, Holladay, Johnathan, Longman, Doug, Newes, Emily, Theiss, Tim, Thompson, Tom, & Wang, Michael. (2018). Understanding the Opportunities of Biofuels for Marine Shipping. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.2172/1490575

Kittner, Noah, Lill, Felix, & Kammen, Daniel M. (2017). Energy Storage Deployment and Innovation for the Clean Energy Transition. Nature Energy, 2(9), 17125.

Lee, Dong-Yeon, & Elgowainy, Amgad. (2018). By-Product Hydrogen from Steam Cracking of Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs): Potential for Large-Scale Hydrogen Fuel Production, Life-Cycle air Emissions Reduction, and Economic Benefit. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43(43), 20143-20160.

Lutsey, Nic, & Nicholas, Michael. (2019). Update on electric vehicle costs in the United States through 2030. The International Council on Clean Transportation. https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/EV_cost_2020_2030_20190401.pdf

Lutsey, Nic, Meszler, Dan, Isenstadt, Aaron, German, John, & Miller, Josh. (2017). Efficiency Technology and Cost Assessment for U.S. 2025-2030 Light-Duty Vehicles. ICCT. http://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/US-LDV-tech-potential_ICCT_white-paper_22032017.pdf

Melaina, Marc, Bush, Brian, Eichman, Joshua, Wood, Eric, Stright, Dana, Krishnan, Venkat, Keyser, David, Mai, Trieu, & McLaren, Joyce. (2016). National Economic Value Assessment of Plug-In Electric Vehicles: Volume I. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.2172/1338175

Moawad, Ayman, Kim, Namdoo, Shidore, Neeraj, & Rousseau, Aymeric. (2016). Assessment of Vehicle Sizing, Energy Consumption, and Cost Through Large-Scale Simulation of Advanced Vehicle-Technologies. Argonne National Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.2172/1245199

National Research Council (2013). Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels. National Academies Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18264

NHTSA (2006). Vehicle Survivability and Travel Mileage Schedules. (No. DOT HS 809 952). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/809952

NRC (2013). Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels. National Research Council. https://doi.org/10.17226/18264

NRC (2015). Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles. National Research Council. https://doi.org/10.17226/21744

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (2019). National Household Travel Survey. https://nhts.ornl.gov/vehicle-trips

Ogden, Joan, Fulton, Lew, & Sperling, Dan. (2016). Making the Transition to Light-Duty Electric-Drive Vehicles in the U.S.: Costs in Perspective to 2035. UC Davis. https://steps.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/LewJoanThe-Relative-Cost-of-Transport-Transitions-Ogden-Fulton-Dec-13-20163.pdf

Peterson, David, Vickers, James, & DeSantis, Dan. (2020). Hydrogen Production Cost From PEM Electrolysis - 2019. (No. Record: 19009). Department of Energy. https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/19009_h2_production_cost_pem_electrolysis_2019.pdf

Rustagi, Neha, Elgowainy, Amgad, & Vickers, James. (2018). Current Status of Hydrogen Delivery and Dispensing Costs and Pathways to Future Cost Reductions. (No. 18003). U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/18003_current_status_hydrogen_delivery_dispensing_costs.pdf

Soulopoulos, Nikolas (2017). When Will Electric Vehicles be Cheaper than Conventional Vehicles?. Bloomberg New Energy Finance. https://data.bloomberglp.com/bnef/sites/14/2017/06/BNEF_2017_04_12_EV-Price-Parity-Report.pdf

Stephens, Thomas S., Levinson, Rebecca S., Brooker, Aaron, Liu, Changzheng, Lin, Zhenhong, Birky, Alicia, & Kontou, Eleftheria. (2017). Comparison of Vehicle Choice Models. (No. SAND2017-13044R). Argonne National Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.2172/1411851

Tan, Eric C D, & Tao, Ling. (2019). Economic Analysis of Renewable Fuels for Marine Propulsion. Renewable Energy.

Tao, Ling, Markham, Jennifer N., Haq, Zia, & Biddy, Mary J. (2017). Techno-Economic Analysis for Upgrading the Biomass-Derived Ethanol-to-Jet Blendstocks. Green Chemistry, 19(4), 1082-1101.

US EPA, (2016). Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Results. US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/fuels-registration-reporting-and-compliance-help/lifecycle-greenhouse-gas-results

Zhang, Yanan, H. Sahir, Asad, D. Tan, Eric C., S. Talmadge, Michael, Davis, Ryan, J. Biddy, Mary, & Tao, Ling. (2018). Economic and Environmental Potentials for Natural Gas to Enhance Biomass-to-Liquid Fuels Technologies. Green Chemistry, 20(23), 5358-5373.